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| №4, 2024: Экологизация производства |
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[RUS] / [ENG]Экологизация производства
Перспективность технологии плазменно-химической очистки воздуха от формальдегида и муравьиной кислоты в промышленности
А. Е. Ефимов1, аспирант,
А. Г. Бубнов2, д. х. н., доцент,
Г. И. Гусев1, к. х. н., ст. преподаватель,
Г. Д. Овчинников1, магистрант,
1Ивановский государственный химико-технологический университет,
153000, Россия, г. Иваново, пр. Шереметевский, д. 7,
2Ивановскаяпожарно-спасательная академия ГПС МЧС России,
153040, Россия, г. Иваново, пр. Строителей, д. 33 A. E. Efimov1 ORCID: 0009-0004-7530-8832,
A. G. Bubnov2 ORCID: 0000-0002-7201-9339,
G. I. Gusev1 ORCID: 0000-0002-8528-3403,
G. D. Ovchinnikov1 ORCID: 0000-0002-5522-1834,
1Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology,
7, Sheremetevsky avenue, Ivanovo, Russia, 153000,
2Ivanovo Fire and Rescue Academy of State Firefighting Service of Ministry
of Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies
and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters,
33, Stroiteley avenue, Ivanovo, Russia, 153040
e-mail
[email protected]
Аннотация
Исследована эффективность плазменно-химической технологии очистки воздуха в сравнении с некоторыми технологиями подавления отходящих газов (адсорбция, катализ) при помощи апробированных подходов выбора систем обезвреживания летучих поллютантов: эколого-экономический, экспертный, иерархической процедуры оценивания и критерия относительной общей пользы. Так, эколого-экономический и экспертный подходы, а также критерий относительной общей пользы позволяют сравнить технологии на основе эксплуатационных затрат (техногенный риск, энергоэффективность, надёжность и стоимость производственных фондов). При этом иерархическая процедура оценивания, помимо перечисленных показателей, учитывает эргономику и устойчивость к внешнему воздействию. Показано, что плазменно-химическая технология очистки не является приоритетной при выборе систем обезвреживания отходящих газов от формальдегида, поскольку 3 из 4 подходов указывают на неэффективность рассматриваемой технологии относительно адсорбционного метода. При очистке воздуха от паров муравьиной кислоты плазменно-химическая технология в 2 из 4 случаев является настолько же эффективной, как и адсорбционный метод. Рассмотрена эффективность плазменно-химической, каталитической и адсорбционной технологий с точки зрения методики оценки «углеродного следа», позволяющей количественно исследовать эмиссию «парникового газа» не только на этапе эксплуатации оборудования, а также на стадиях производства, транспортировки и утилизации. Полученные значения показателя «углеродного следа» для низкотемпературной плазмы являются лучшими среди сопоставимых доступных технологий, т. к. суммарное количество выбросов CO2 при её применении сокращается на 80% (в среднем) за счёт того, что относительные общие затраты энергии ниже.
Abstract
The effectiveness of plasma-chemical air purification technology was studied in comparison with some technologies for suppressing waste gases (adsorption, catalysis). We use proven approaches (environmental-economic, expert, hierarchical evaluation procedure and the criterion of relative overall benefit) to selecting systems for neutralizing volatile pollutants. Thus, environmental-economic and expert approaches, as well as the criterion of relative overall benefit, make it possible to compare technologies based on operating costs (technological risk, energy efficiency, reliability and cost of production assets). At the same time, the hierarchical evaluation procedure, in addition to the listed indicators, takes into account ergonomics and resistance to external influences. It is shown that plasma-chemical cleaning technology is not a priority when choosing systems for neutralizing waste gases from formaldehyde, since 3 out of 4 approaches indicate the ineffectiveness of this technology relative to the adsorption method. When cleaning air from formic acid vapors, plasmachemical technology in 2 out of 4 cases is as effective as the adsorption method. The effectiveness of plasma-chemical, catalytic and adsorption technologies is considered from the point of view of the methodology for assessing the “carbon footprint”, which makes it possible to quantitatively study the emission of “greenhouse gas” not only at the stage of equipment operation, but also at the stages of production, transportation and disposal. However, the obtained carbon footprint values for low-temperature plasma are the best among comparable available technologies, because the total amount of CO2 emissions when using it is reduced by 80% (on average) due to the fact the relative total energy costs are lower.
Ключевые слова
летучие органические соединения, методы очистки, углеродный след
Keywords
volatile organic compounds, cleaning methods, carbon footprint
References
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