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| №4, 2024: Ремедиация и рекультивация |
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[RUS] / [ENG]Ремедиация и рекультивация
Фиторекультивация техногенных ландшафтов с использованием растений рода Salix L.
Е. Н. Теребова1, к. б. н., доцент,
Н. В. Орешникова2, к. б. н., доцент,
М. А. Павлова1, аспирант,
1Петрозаводский государственный университет,
185910, Россия, г. Петрозаводск, ул. Ленина, д. 33,
2 Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова,
119991, Россия, г. Москва, ул. Ленинские горы, д. 1 E. N. Terebova1 ORCID: 0000-0001-6556-9132,
N. V. Oreshnikova2 ORCID: 0009-0006-0436-6538,
M. A. Pavlova1ORCID: 0000-0003-2326-4044,
1Petrozavodsk State University,
33, Lenin St., Petrozavodsk, Russia, 185910,
2Moscow State University,
1, Leninskie Gory St., Moscow, Russia, 119991
e-mail
[email protected]
Аннотация
Исследован фиторемедиационный потенциал видов рода Salix L. (Ивы) при рекультивации промышленной свалки комбината ОАО «Карельский окатыш», на территории которой в 2014 г. была создана плантация с использованием 7 видов рода Salix. Техногенный грунт ландшафта был загрязнён железом до 56 г/кг и беден основными макро- и микроэлементами. В течение 4 лет проводился анализ биоморфологических (рост, масса органов), физиологических показателей (содержание фотосинтетических пигментов, состав клеточной стенки листа) и накопления металлов (коэффициент биологического поглощения металлов (КБП)) растений ивы. Установлено, что максимальную приживаемость после посадки имели виды S. schwerinii (93%), S. phylicifolia (80%), S. viminalis(70%). Содержание фотосинтетических пигментов и специальный листовой индекс (SLA) листа S. phylicifolia, и S. shcwerinii позволили оценить фотосинтетическую функцию растений, как оптимальную. Средний ряд накопления металлов (КБП) целым растением видов рода Salix следующий: Zn (31,92) > Cd (11,83) > Mn (5,10) > Pb (4,64) >Cu (4,40) > Cr (1,47) > Co (1,45) > Li (0,41) > Fe (0,17). За счёт высокой ионообменной способности клеточной стенки листа ив (1120–2050 мкмоль/г сух. кл. ст.) металлы могут связываться в организме растений. Ивы и в дальнейшем будут выполнять функцию облесения техногенной территории, создавать условия для развития продуктивного лесного фитоценоза.
Abstract
The phytoremediation potential of species of the genus Salix L. (Willow) was studied during the remediation of the industrial landfill of the OJSC “Karelsky Okatysh”. A plantation was created at this landfill in 2014. 7 species of the genus Salix were used for this purpose. The technogenic soil of the landscape was contaminated with iron up to 56 g/kg and was poor in basic macro- and microelements. Biomorphological (growth, organ weight) and physiological indicators (photosynthetic pigments content, leaf cell wall composition), as well as metal accumulation (biological absorption coefficient of metals (BAC)), were analyzed for willow plants during 4 years. We found that S. schwerinii (93%), S. phylicifolia (80%), and S. viminalis (70%) had the maximum survival rate after planting. The photosynthetic pigments content and the special leaf index (SLA) of S. phylicifolia and S. shcwerinii leaves allowed us to evaluate the photosynthetic function of plants as optimal in conditions of soil iron contamination and a lack of macro-microelements. The average series of metal accumulation by a whole plant in species of the genus Salix is as follows: Zn (31.92) > Cd (11.83) > Mn (5.10) > Pb (4.64) > Cu (4.40) > Cr (1. 47) > Co (1.45) > Li (0.41) > Fe (0.17). Due to the high ion exchange capacity of the willow leaf tissues cell wall (1120–2050 µmol/g of dry cell wall weight), metals can µind in the plant µody. Phenolic and pectin suµstances dominate in the structure of the cell wall of willow leaves. Willows will continue to perform the function of afforestation of technogenic territory and create conditions for the development of a productive forest phytocenosis.
Ключевые слова
фиторекультивация, Salix, металлы, железорудное производство, клеточная стенка, рост, фотосинтетические пигменты, коэффициент биологического поглощения
Keywords
phytoremediation, Salix, metals, iron ore production, cell wall, growth, photosynthetic pigments, biological absorption coefficient
References
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